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Diff two SEC EDGAR filings for the same filer. Annual reports compare with other annual reports; quarterly reports compare with other quarterly reports, so the periods line up apples-to-apples. Q4 counts as quarterly (even though it's filed inside the 10-K) so it lines up with Q1/Q2/Q3 rather than the full fiscal year.
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Common concepts glossary
The 80 FASB tags below are the ones you will almost certainly encounter when diffing 10-K / 10-Q / 20-F filings. Use them as a starting point for spotting which concepts a filer added, dropped, or renamed period over period.
Income Statement
23 concepts- Cost of goods and services sold
us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSoldMore specific cost-of-revenue tag used by filers that sell a mix of products and services.
- Cost of revenue
us-gaap:CostOfRevenueDirect cost of generating revenue (a superset that covers both goods and services).
- EPS — basic
us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasicBasic earnings per common share: net income (less preferred dividends) divided by basic weighted-average shares outstanding.
- EPS — diluted
us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDilutedDiluted EPS: net income divided by weighted-average shares + the dilutive effect of in-the-money options, RSUs, convertibles, etc.
- General & administrative expense
us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseStand-alone G&A line, used by filers that report S&M separately rather than rolling everything into SG&A.
- Gross profit
us-gaap:GrossProfitRevenues minus cost of revenue. Filers that don't report cost of revenue separately omit this tag.
- Income (loss) from continuing operations
us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsAfter-tax income from continuing operations, before any discontinued-operation effects.
- Income tax expense (benefit)
us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitProvision for income taxes (net of any benefit from deferred tax movements + valuation-allowance releases).
- Interest expense
us-gaap:InterestExpenseInterest charged on debt + capitalised lease liabilities. Filers in net-debt positions also tag InterestIncome separately.
- Interest income
us-gaap:InterestIncomeInterest earned on cash + investments. Also tagged as InterestAndOtherIncome by some filers.
- Net income (loss)
us-gaap:NetIncomeLossBottom-line net income attributable to all shareholders. Net income attributable to common stockholders is reported separately by filers with preferred stock.
- Operating expenses
us-gaap:OperatingExpensesAggregate operating expenses below gross profit. Often the sum of SG&A + R&D + restructuring + impairments.
- Operating income (loss)
us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLossEarnings from operations: revenue minus cost of revenue minus operating expenses. Excludes interest, tax, and non-operating items.
- Other non-operating income (expense)
us-gaap:OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseCatch-all below operating income for FX gains/losses, equity-method earnings, mark-to-market on investments, etc.
- Pre-tax income from continuing operations
us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterestPre-tax income excluding discontinued operations and minority interests. Long tag name is FASB's; readers sometimes call it 'income before tax'.
- Research & development expense
us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseR&D charged to expense in the period. Capitalised software development is reported elsewhere.
- Revenue from contracts with customers (ex-tax)
us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTaxASC 606 successor to Revenues for filers who adopted the standard explicitly. Excludes sales taxes collected on the customer's behalf.
- Revenues
us-gaap:RevenuesTop-line total revenue. Some filers tag the same number under RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax (ASC 606) instead.
- Sales revenue, net
us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetPre-ASC 606 net-of-returns sales line. Largely deprecated for periods after 2018 — kept by some filers for back-period continuity.
- Selling & marketing expense
us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseStand-alone selling-and-marketing line, paired with GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense by filers that keep the two split.
- Selling, general & administrative expense
us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseSG&A. Some filers split this into SellingAndMarketingExpense + GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense and omit the combined tag.
- Weighted-average shares outstanding — basic
us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicBasic share count denominator for EPS — average over the reporting period.
- Weighted-average shares outstanding — diluted
us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstandingDiluted share count denominator for EPS — basic + dilutive effect of in-the-money equity awards, convertibles, warrants.
Comprehensive Income
2 concepts- Comprehensive income, net of tax
us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxNet income plus other comprehensive income items (FX translation, hedging, pension, AFS securities).
- Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxAll comprehensive-income items not flowing through the income statement, net of tax.
Balance Sheet
28 concepts- Accounts payable (current)
us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrentTrade payables to suppliers expected to be paid within 12 months.
- Accounts receivable, net (current)
us-gaap:AccountsReceivableNetCurrentCustomer receivables expected within 12 months, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts.
- Accrued liabilities (current)
us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAccrued expenses recognised but not yet billed — payroll, taxes, interest, deferred revenue, etc.
- Accumulated OCI, net of tax
us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxCumulative balance of other-comprehensive-income items (FX, hedging, pension, AFS securities).
- Additional paid-in capital
us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalCumulative proceeds from share issuance above par value, net of issuance costs. Includes the equity portion of stock-based compensation.
- Cash & cash equivalents
us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValueCash on hand + highly-liquid investments with original maturity ≤ 3 months. Excludes restricted cash and short-term investments tagged separately.
- Common shares issued
us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssuedCumulative shares ever issued by the filer, before subtracting any held in treasury.
- Common shares outstanding
us-gaap:CommonStockSharesOutstandingShares actually held by investors at the balance-sheet date — issued shares minus treasury shares.
- Common stock (par value)
us-gaap:CommonStockValuePar or stated value × shares issued. Often a tiny number relative to paid-in capital and retained earnings.
- Deferred income tax liabilities, net
us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilitiesNetNet deferred-tax liabilities arising from book-vs-tax timing differences. Negative when a net deferred-tax asset position.
- Goodwill
us-gaap:GoodwillExcess of acquisition price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired. Tested annually for impairment, not amortised.
- Intangible assets, net (ex-goodwill)
us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsNetExcludingGoodwillAcquired intangibles (customer lists, trademarks, technology, IPR&D) net of accumulated amortisation. Excludes goodwill.
- Inventories, net
us-gaap:InventoryNetInventory carried at the lower of cost or net realisable value (FIFO / weighted-average / LIFO depending on filer's policy).
- Long-term debt — current portion
us-gaap:LongTermDebtCurrentPortion of long-term debt scheduled to mature within the next 12 months. The remainder sits in LongTermDebtNoncurrent.
- Long-term debt — non-current
us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrentLong-term debt scheduled to mature beyond the next 12 months. Excludes the current portion above.
- Long-term debt (combined)
us-gaap:LongTermDebtCombined balance of long-term debt — current portion + non-current portion. Some filers report only the split.
- Operating lease liability — non-current
us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrentASC 842 operating-lease obligation due beyond 12 months. Paired with the right-of-use asset.
- Operating lease right-of-use asset
us-gaap:OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetASC 842 ROU asset for operating leases. Mirrors the operating-lease liability on the other side of the balance sheet.
- Property, plant & equipment, net
us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNetPP&E at historical cost minus accumulated depreciation. Capitalised right-of-use assets are typically reported on a separate line.
- Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
us-gaap:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficitCumulative net income since inception minus cumulative dividends paid. Negative when the filer has accumulated losses.
- Short-term investments
us-gaap:ShortTermInvestmentsMarketable securities expected to mature or be sold within 12 months. Included in the broader 'cash + ST investments' figure on dashboards.
- Stockholders' equity
us-gaap:StockholdersEquityCommon-shareholder equity. Excludes preferred stock and minority interests when those are reported separately.
- Stockholders' equity (incl. NCI)
us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterestStockholders' equity including minority interests — used by filers with consolidated subsidiaries that aren't 100% owned.
- Total assets
us-gaap:AssetsTotal assets — sum of every asset line on the balance sheet.
- Total current assets
us-gaap:AssetsCurrentSum of cash, short-term investments, receivables, inventory and other assets expected to convert to cash within 12 months.
- Total current liabilities
us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrentSum of payables, accruals, current portion of debt, and other obligations due within 12 months.
- Total liabilities
us-gaap:LiabilitiesSum of every liability line on the balance sheet.
- Treasury stock
us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueCost of repurchased shares held in treasury. Reported as a negative balance inside stockholders' equity.
Cash Flow Statement
18 concepts- Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquiredCash paid for M&A targets, net of any cash inherited on the acquired balance sheet. Sits inside CFI.
- Capital expenditures (capex)
us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipmentCash paid for PP&E. Subtracted from CFO to compute free-cash-flow.
- Cash from financing (CFF)
us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesNet cash flowing to/from debt holders and equity holders — borrowings, repayments, buybacks, dividends, share issuance.
- Cash from investing (CFI)
us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesCash used for or generated by capex, acquisitions, divestitures, and changes in marketable-security positions.
- Cash from operations (CFO)
us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesCash generated or used by core operations after working-capital movements. Starting point for free-cash-flow.
- Common-stock buybacks
us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStockCash used to repurchase the filer's own common shares. The single biggest financing-activity outflow for many large-cap filers.
- Common-stock dividends paid
us-gaap:PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStockSubset of PaymentsOfDividends — cash dividends paid specifically on common stock.
- Depreciation & amortisation
us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortizationCombined non-cash D&A — used by filers that don't separately tag depletion.
- Depreciation, depletion & amortisation
us-gaap:DepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationNon-cash D&A added back inside the operating-activities reconciliation. Combined depreciation + amortisation, sometimes including depletion for resource-extraction filers.
- Dividends paid
us-gaap:PaymentsOfDividendsTotal cash dividends paid to all classes of stockholders during the period.
- Proceeds from common-stock issuance
us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStockCash raised by selling new common shares (secondary offerings + employee-plan exercises that the filer captures in financing rather than operating activities).
- Proceeds from long-term debt issuance
us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfLongTermDebtCash raised by issuing new long-term debt. Pair with RepaymentsOfLongTermDebt for a net-issuance view.
- Proceeds from PP&E disposals
us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentCash inflow from selling fixed assets — typically small, but can be large after a divestiture or sale-leaseback.
- Repayments of long-term debt
us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLongTermDebtPrincipal paid on long-term debt during the period. Excludes interest (which sits in operating activities).
- Stock-based compensation expense
us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationNon-cash SBC charge added back to reconcile net income with cash from operations. Larger than D&A for many tech filers.
- Δ accounts payable
us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableWorking-capital movement — an increase in payables increases cash from operations (the filer is stretching suppliers).
- Δ accounts receivable
us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivableWorking-capital movement — an increase in receivables reduces cash from operations (cash didn't arrive yet).
- Δ inventories
us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInInventoriesWorking-capital movement — an inventory build reduces cash from operations.
Stockholders' Equity
4 concepts- Common cash dividends declared
us-gaap:DividendsCommonStockCashCash dividends declared on common stock during the period — shown on the equity statement; doesn't always match the cash actually paid (which sits on the cash-flow statement).
- Common dividends per share — declared
us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclaredDividends declared per common share during the period. Reader-facing dividend yield comes from this multiplied by share-count and divided by market cap.
- Common stock issued — value
us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssuesDollar value of common stock issued during the period (secondary offerings, ATM programs, equity compensation settlement).
- Common stock repurchased & retired — value
us-gaap:StockRepurchasedAndRetiredDuringPeriodValueDollar value of repurchased shares that were immediately retired (rather than held in treasury). Reduces both shares outstanding and additional paid-in capital.
Notes
5 concepts- Document period end date
dei:DocumentPeriodEndDateLast day of the period the filing covers. Distinct from the filing date (which is when the report was lodged with EDGAR).
- Document type
dei:DocumentType10-K, 10-Q, 20-F, 8-K, etc. — the SEC form filed. Used by the comparison engine to keep annuals separate from quarterlies.
- Entity central index key (CIK)
dei:EntityCentralIndexKey10-digit SEC identifier used in EDGAR URLs and across XBRL filings. Stable for the life of the filer.
- Entity common stock shares outstanding (cover page)
dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstandingCover-page share count — reported as of a date close to the filing date, usually a few weeks more recent than the balance-sheet date.
- Entity registrant name
dei:EntityRegistrantNameLegal name of the filer as registered with the SEC. Carries through every filing without changing absent a corporate restructuring.