EPR Properties (EPR) Stock Total Returns
Growth of $10,000 chart
2021-06-03 to 2026-06-03 to
$
%
%
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Investment Performance
Final Value
$14,121
Total Return
41.21%
CAGR
7.15%
Dividends
$3,611.23
Yield on Cost
36.11%
Rolling Returns
1-Month (21 Trading Days)
| Average | +0.92% |
| Median | +0.73% |
| Best | +20.08% |
| Worst | -23.68% |
| % of Windows Positive | 54.1% |
1-Year (252 Trading Days)
| Average | +9.86% |
| Median | +10.80% |
| Best | +55.39% |
| Worst | -29.26% |
| % of Windows Positive | 71.9% |
3-Year (756 Trading Days)
| Average | +34.60% |
| Median | +30.25% |
| Best | +94.35% |
| Worst | -11.97% |
| % of Windows Positive | 93.2% |
Risk Metrics
| Maximum Drawdown | -35.78% |
| Average Drawdown | -11.87% |
| Drawdown Duration | 522 Trading Days |
| Sortino Ratio | 0.56 |
| Calmar Ratio | 0.20 |
| CVaR (5%) | -3.81% |
Yearly Returns
| Year | Percentage | Abs. Return | Dividends | Taxes | Trans. Costs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 partial | +15.41% (+40.49% ann.) | +$1541.26 | $307.32 | $61.46 | $0.49 |
| 2025 | +18.86% | +$1886.42 | $814.84 | $162.97 | $1.31 |
| 2024 | -2.80% | $280.06 | $722.36 | $144.47 | $1.15 |
| 2023 | +36.60% | +$3660.10 | $900.70 | $180.14 | $1.44 |
| 2022 | -15.86% | $1585.97 | $701.55 | $140.31 | $1.12 |
| 2021 | +49.69% | +$4968.50 | $466.12 | $93.22 | $0.75 |
| 2020 | -52.54% | $5254.40 | $216.49 | $43.30 | $0.35 |
| 2019 | +15.73% | +$1572.88 | $718.37 | $143.67 | $1.15 |
| 2018 | +3.31% | +$331.15 | $677.52 | $135.50 | $1.08 |
| 2017 | -4.52% | $452.03 | $580.29 | $116.06 | $0.93 |
| 2016 | +28.24% | +$2823.87 | $670.74 | $134.15 | $1.07 |
| 2015 | +6.68% | +$667.58 | $645.06 | $129.01 | $1.03 |
| 2014 | +23.28% | +$2327.87 | $712.29 | $142.46 | $1.14 |
| 2013 | +11.97% | +$1197.25 | $699.42 | $139.88 | $1.12 |
| 2012 | +11.31% | +$1131.41 | $700.50 | $140.10 | $1.12 |
| 2011 | -0.52% | $52.15 | $616.95 | $123.39 | $0.99 |
| 2010 | +37.65% | +$3765.42 | $751.28 | $150.26 | $1.20 |
| 2009 | +29.04% | +$2904.49 | $908.65 | $181.73 | $1.45 |
| 2008 | -32.39% | $3239.10 | $729.48 | $145.89 | $1.17 |
| 2007 | -15.75% | $1574.80 | $528.80 | $105.76 | $0.85 |
| 2006 | +50.23% | +$5022.68 | $688.33 | $137.67 | $1.10 |
| 2005 | -4.15% | $414.76 | $571.09 | $114.22 | $0.92 |
| 2004 | +34.33% | +$3432.93 | $660.33 | $132.06 | $1.06 |
| 2003 | +55.67% | +$5567.19 | $868.92 | $173.78 | $1.39 |
| 2002 | +29.75% | +$2974.66 | $1006.65 | $201.33 | $1.62 |
| 2001 | +91.53% | +$9152.54 | $1693.36 | $338.67 | $2.72 |
| 2000 | -6.80% | $679.59 | $1389.06 | $277.81 | $2.23 |
| 1999 | -15.52% | $1551.62 | $1018.04 | $203.61 | $1.63 |
| 1998 | -5.83% | $582.59 | $847.12 | $169.42 | $1.36 |
| 1997 partial | +0.10% (+0.88% ann.) | +$10.32 | $92.31 | $18.46 | $0.15 |
Market Regimes
about| Regime | Period | Percentage | Annual | Abs. Return | Dividends | Taxes | Trans. Costs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dot-com bubble / TMT mania partial | November 18, 1997 – March 10, 2000 | -27.53% | -13.02% | $2752.77 | $1900.02 | $380.00 | $3.05 |
| Dot-com bust / post-bubble disinflation scare | March 13, 2000 – October 9, 2002 | +127.04% | +37.52% | +$12703.97 | $4830.45 | $966.09 | $7.76 |
| China-WTO / housing-credit / commodity boom | October 10, 2002 – October 9, 2007 | +240.52% | +27.79% | +$24051.77 | $6664.32 | $1332.86 | $10.68 |
| GFC / deleveraging / dollar shortage | October 10, 2007 – March 9, 2009 | -74.68% | -62.18% | $7467.71 | $781.39 | $156.28 | $1.25 |
| Policy-led rebound / euro-sovereign-crisis overlay | March 10, 2009 – July 25, 2012 | +252.98% | +45.30% | +$25298.13 | $7102.04 | $1420.41 | $11.35 |
| Secular stagnation / QE / low inflation / duration bull | July 26, 2012 – February 19, 2020 | +131.69% | +11.74% | +$13169.41 | $8318.99 | $1663.80 | $13.31 |
| Pandemic shock / liquidity crash | February 20, 2020 – March 23, 2020 | -75.23% | -100.00% | $7523.17 | $54.20 | $10.84 | $0.09 |
| Policy bazooka / monetary euphoria | March 24, 2020 – November 6, 2020 | +11.42% | +19.01% | +$1142.46 | $360.44 | $72.09 | $0.58 |
| Reopening reflation / fiscal boom / supply bottlenecks | November 9, 2020 – November 29, 2021 | +46.06% | +43.25% | +$4606.21 | $380.74 | $76.15 | $0.61 |
| Inflation shock / duration crash / aggressive tightening | November 30, 2021 – November 9, 2022 | -12.89% | -13.63% | $1289.11 | $653.84 | $130.77 | $1.05 |
| Disinflation rebound / AI-led narrow bull / higher-for-longer | November 10, 2022 – September 17, 2024 | +35.80% | +17.95% | +$3579.74 | $1613.81 | $322.76 | $2.58 |
| Disinflationary easing / resilient growth / AI capex under oil-shock test partial | September 18, 2024 – June 3, 2026 | +27.30% | +15.20% | +$2730.12 | $1331.04 | $266.21 | $2.13 |
Dividend History
Annual Dividends Per Share
TTM Yield
—
Consecutive Years Paid
— current
Consecutive Years of Growth
— current
| Date | Per Share | Yield % |
|---|---|---|
| 1997-12-24 | $0.1800 | 0.93% |
| 1998-03-27 | $0.4000 | 2.00% |
| 1998-06-26 | $0.4000 | 2.09% |
| 1998-09-28 | $0.4000 | 2.37% |
| 1998-12-29 | $0.4000 | 2.31% |
| 1999-03-29 | $0.4200 | 2.46% |
| 1999-06-28 | $0.4200 | 2.34% |
| 1999-09-28 | $0.4200 | 2.73% |
| 1999-12-29 | $0.4200 | 3.15% |
| 2000-03-29 | $0.4400 | 3.21% |
| 2000-06-28 | $0.4400 | 2.93% |
| 2000-09-27 | $0.4400 | 4.09% |
| 2000-12-27 | $0.4400 | 3.65% |
| 2001-03-28 | $0.4500 | 3.08% |
| 2001-06-27 | $0.4500 | 2.41% |
| 2001-09-26 | $0.4500 | 2.68% |
| 2001-12-26 | $0.4500 | 2.33% |
| 2002-03-26 | $0.4750 | 2.13% |
| 2002-06-26 | $0.4750 | 1.95% |
| 2002-09-26 | $0.4750 | 2.13% |
| 2002-12-27 | $0.4750 | 1.94% |
| 2003-03-26 | $0.5000 | 1.83% |
| 2003-06-26 | $0.5000 | 1.78% |
| 2003-09-26 | $0.5000 | 1.60% |
| 2003-12-29 | $0.5000 | 1.40% |
| 2004-03-29 | $0.5630 | 1.41% |
| 2004-06-28 | $0.5630 | 1.55% |
| 2004-09-28 | $0.5630 | 1.49% |
| 2004-12-29 | $0.5630 | 1.27% |
| 2005-03-29 | $0.6250 | 1.50% |
| 2005-06-28 | $0.6250 | 1.38% |
| 2005-09-28 | $0.6250 | 1.42% |
| 2005-12-28 | $0.6250 | 1.51% |
| 2006-03-29 | $0.6880 | 1.59% |
| 2006-06-28 | $0.6880 | 1.66% |
| 2006-09-27 | $0.6880 | 1.38% |
| 2006-12-27 | $0.6880 | 1.17% |
| 2007-03-28 | $0.7600 | 1.27% |
| 2007-06-27 | $0.7600 | 1.45% |
| 2007-09-26 | $0.7600 | 1.47% |
| 2007-12-27 | $0.7600 | 1.54% |
| 2008-03-27 | $0.8400 | 1.59% |
| 2008-06-26 | $0.8400 | 1.59% |
| 2008-09-26 | $0.8400 | 1.59% |
| 2008-12-29 | $0.8400 | 2.83% |
| 2009-03-27 | $0.6500 | 3.60% |
| 2009-06-26 | $0.6500 | 3.11% |
| 2009-09-28 | $0.6500 | 1.92% |
| 2009-12-29 | $0.6500 | 1.78% |
| 2010-03-29 | $0.6500 | 1.52% |
| 2010-06-28 | $0.6500 | 1.64% |
| 2010-09-28 | $0.6500 | 1.48% |
| 2010-12-29 | $0.6500 | 1.39% |
| 2011-03-29 | $0.7000 | 1.51% |
| 2011-06-28 | $0.7000 | 1.51% |
| 2011-09-28 | $0.7000 | 1.74% |
| 2011-12-28 | $0.7000 | 1.56% |
| 2012-03-28 | $0.7500 | 1.60% |
| 2012-06-27 | $0.7500 | 1.83% |
| 2012-09-26 | $0.7500 | 1.66% |
| 2012-12-27 | $0.7500 | 1.62% |
| 2013-03-26 | $0.7900 | 1.53% |
| 2013-04-26 | $0.2630 | 0.47% |
| 2013-05-29 | $0.2630 | 0.47% |
| 2013-06-26 | $0.2630 | 0.54% |
| 2013-07-29 | $0.2630 | 0.51% |
| 2013-08-28 | $0.2630 | 0.53% |
| 2013-09-26 | $0.2630 | 0.53% |
| 2013-10-29 | $0.2630 | 0.51% |
| 2013-11-26 | $0.2630 | 0.52% |
| 2013-12-27 | $0.2630 | 0.53% |
| 2014-01-29 | $0.2850 | 0.55% |
| 2014-02-26 | $0.2850 | 0.55% |
| 2014-03-27 | $0.2850 | 0.54% |
| 2014-04-28 | $0.2850 | 0.53% |
| 2014-05-28 | $0.2850 | 0.53% |
| 2014-06-26 | $0.2850 | 0.51% |
| 2014-07-29 | $0.2850 | 0.51% |
| 2014-08-27 | $0.2850 | 0.50% |
| 2014-09-26 | $0.2850 | 0.56% |
| 2014-10-29 | $0.2850 | 0.51% |
| 2014-11-25 | $0.2850 | 0.51% |
| 2014-12-29 | $0.2850 | 0.49% |
| 2015-01-28 | $0.3020 | 0.46% |
| 2015-02-25 | $0.3030 | 0.49% |
| 2015-03-27 | $0.3020 | 0.51% |
| 2015-04-28 | $0.3030 | 0.51% |
| 2015-05-27 | $0.3030 | 0.52% |
| 2015-06-26 | $0.3030 | 0.54% |
| 2015-07-29 | $0.3030 | 0.53% |
| 2015-08-27 | $0.3030 | 0.58% |
| 2015-09-28 | $0.3030 | 0.58% |
| 2015-10-28 | $0.3030 | 0.54% |
| 2015-11-25 | $0.3030 | 0.54% |
| 2015-12-29 | $0.3030 | 0.52% |
| 2016-01-27 | $0.3200 | 0.55% |
| 2016-02-25 | $0.3200 | 0.52% |
| 2016-03-29 | $0.3200 | 0.49% |
| 2016-04-27 | $0.3200 | 0.49% |
| 2016-05-26 | $0.3200 | 0.45% |
| 2016-06-28 | $0.3200 | 0.42% |
| 2016-07-27 | $0.3200 | 0.39% |
| 2016-08-29 | $0.3200 | 0.41% |
| 2016-09-28 | $0.3200 | 0.40% |
| 2016-10-27 | $0.3200 | 0.43% |
| 2016-11-28 | $0.3200 | 0.46% |
| 2016-12-28 | $0.3200 | 0.45% |
| 2017-01-27 | $0.3400 | 0.46% |
| 2017-02-24 | $0.3400 | 0.44% |
| 2017-03-29 | $0.3400 | 0.47% |
| 2017-04-26 | $0.3400 | 0.45% |
| 2017-05-26 | $0.3400 | 0.47% |
| 2017-06-28 | $0.3400 | 0.46% |
| 2017-07-27 | $0.3400 | 0.47% |
| 2017-08-29 | $0.3400 | 0.49% |
| 2017-09-28 | $0.3400 | 0.49% |
| 2017-10-30 | $0.3400 | 0.49% |
| 2017-11-29 | $0.3400 | 0.50% |
| 2017-12-28 | $0.3400 | 0.52% |
| 2018-01-30 | $0.3600 | 0.61% |
| 2018-02-27 | $0.3600 | 0.61% |
| 2018-03-28 | $0.3600 | 0.66% |
| 2018-04-27 | $0.3600 | 0.65% |
| 2018-05-30 | $0.3600 | 0.58% |
| 2018-06-28 | $0.3600 | 0.55% |
| 2018-07-30 | $0.3600 | 0.55% |
| 2018-08-30 | $0.3600 | 0.51% |
| 2018-09-27 | $0.3600 | 0.54% |
| 2018-10-30 | $0.3600 | 0.53% |
| 2018-11-29 | $0.3600 | 0.50% |
| 2018-12-28 | $0.3600 | 0.56% |
| 2019-01-30 | $0.3750 | 0.52% |
| 2019-02-27 | $0.3750 | 0.51% |
| 2019-03-28 | $0.3750 | 0.49% |
| 2019-04-29 | $0.3750 | 0.48% |
| 2019-05-30 | $0.3750 | 0.48% |
| 2019-06-27 | $0.3750 | 0.50% |
| 2019-07-30 | $0.3750 | 0.50% |
| 2019-08-29 | $0.3750 | 0.48% |
| 2019-09-27 | $0.3750 | 0.48% |
| 2019-10-30 | $0.3750 | 0.48% |
| 2019-11-27 | $0.3750 | 0.52% |
| 2019-12-30 | $0.3750 | 0.53% |
| 2020-01-30 | $0.3750 | 0.52% |
| 2020-02-27 | $0.3750 | 0.59% |
| 2020-03-30 | $0.3830 | 1.57% |
| 2020-04-29 | $0.3830 | 1.36% |
| 2021-07-29 | $0.2500 | 0.49% |
| 2021-08-30 | $0.2500 | 0.49% |
| 2021-09-29 | $0.2500 | 0.50% |
| 2021-10-28 | $0.2500 | 0.49% |
| 2021-11-29 | $0.2500 | 0.52% |
| 2021-12-30 | $0.2500 | 0.52% |
| 2022-01-28 | $0.2500 | 0.59% |
| 2022-02-25 | $0.2500 | 0.51% |
| 2022-03-30 | $0.2750 | 0.49% |
| 2022-04-28 | $0.2750 | 0.51% |
| 2022-05-27 | $0.2750 | 0.55% |
| 2022-06-29 | $0.2750 | 0.57% |
| 2022-07-28 | $0.2750 | 0.52% |
| 2022-08-30 | $0.2750 | 0.61% |
| 2022-09-29 | $0.2750 | 0.73% |
| 2022-10-28 | $0.2750 | 0.71% |
| 2022-11-29 | $0.2750 | 0.68% |
| 2022-12-29 | $0.2750 | 0.74% |
| 2023-01-30 | $0.2750 | 0.64% |
| 2023-02-27 | $0.2750 | 0.67% |
| 2023-03-30 | $0.2750 | 0.74% |
| 2023-04-27 | $0.2750 | 0.68% |
| 2023-05-30 | $0.2750 | 0.66% |
| 2023-06-29 | $0.2750 | 0.60% |
| 2023-07-28 | $0.2750 | 0.62% |
| 2023-08-30 | $0.2750 | 0.61% |
| 2023-09-28 | $0.2750 | 0.66% |
| 2023-10-30 | $0.2750 | 0.67% |
| 2023-11-29 | $0.2750 | 0.61% |
| 2023-12-28 | $0.2750 | 0.56% |
| 2024-01-30 | $0.2750 | 0.60% |
| 2024-02-28 | $0.2750 | 0.66% |
| 2024-03-27 | $0.2850 | 0.69% |
| 2024-04-29 | $0.2850 | 0.70% |
| 2024-05-31 | $0.2850 | 0.70% |
| 2024-06-28 | $0.2850 | 0.68% |
| 2024-07-31 | $0.2850 | 0.62% |
| 2024-08-30 | $0.2850 | 0.60% |
| 2024-09-30 | $0.2850 | 0.59% |
| 2024-10-31 | $0.2850 | 0.60% |
| 2024-11-29 | $0.2850 | 0.62% |
| 2024-12-31 | $0.2850 | 0.64% |
| 2025-01-31 | $0.2850 | 0.61% |
| 2025-02-28 | $0.2850 | 0.55% |
| 2025-03-31 | $0.2950 | 0.57% |
| 2025-04-30 | $0.2950 | 0.60% |
| 2025-05-30 | $0.2950 | 0.53% |
| 2025-06-30 | $0.2950 | 0.51% |
| 2025-07-31 | $0.2950 | 0.52% |
| 2025-08-29 | $0.2950 | 0.54% |
| 2025-09-30 | $0.2950 | 0.51% |
| 2025-10-31 | $0.2950 | 0.60% |
| 2025-11-28 | $0.2950 | 0.56% |
| 2025-12-31 | $0.2950 | 0.58% |
| 2026-01-30 | $0.2950 | 0.55% |
| 2026-02-27 | $0.2950 | 0.49% |
| 2026-03-31 | $0.3100 | 0.63% |
| 2026-04-30 | $0.3100 | 0.55% |
| 2026-05-29 | $0.3100 | 0.54% |
| Total | 206 payments |
Portfolio Dividend Returns
Based on $10,000 initial investment, 20% tax rate, 0.2% transaction cost. Showing 2021-06-03 to 2026-06-03. Change
| Date | Total Yield | Tax | Trans. Cost | Shares Bought |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-07-29 | $47.35 | $9.47 | $0.08 | 0.7428 |
| 2021-08-30 | $47.53 | $9.51 | $0.08 | 0.7508 |
| 2021-09-29 | $47.72 | $9.54 | $0.08 | 0.7607 |
| 2021-10-28 | $47.91 | $9.58 | $0.08 | 0.7405 |
| 2021-11-29 | $48.10 | $9.62 | $0.08 | 0.8105 |
| 2021-12-30 | $48.30 | $9.66 | $0.08 | 0.8115 |
| 2022-01-28 | $48.50 | $9.70 | $0.08 | 0.8989 |
| 2022-02-25 | $48.73 | $9.75 | $0.08 | 0.7762 |
| 2022-03-30 | $53.81 | $10.76 | $0.09 | 0.7835 |
| 2022-04-28 | $54.03 | $10.81 | $0.09 | 0.7839 |
| 2022-05-27 | $54.24 | $10.85 | $0.09 | 0.8530 |
| 2022-06-29 | $54.48 | $10.90 | $0.09 | 0.9206 |
| 2022-07-28 | $54.73 | $10.95 | $0.09 | 0.8206 |
| 2022-08-30 | $54.96 | $10.99 | $0.09 | 0.9963 |
| 2022-09-29 | $55.23 | $11.05 | $0.09 | 1.2528 |
| 2022-10-28 | $55.58 | $11.12 | $0.09 | 1.1427 |
| 2022-11-29 | $55.89 | $11.18 | $0.09 | 1.0945 |
| 2022-12-29 | $56.19 | $11.24 | $0.09 | 1.1891 |
| 2023-01-30 | $56.52 | $11.30 | $0.09 | 1.0801 |
| 2023-02-27 | $56.82 | $11.36 | $0.09 | 1.1053 |
| 2023-03-30 | $57.12 | $11.42 | $0.09 | 1.2332 |
| 2023-04-27 | $57.46 | $11.49 | $0.09 | 1.0999 |
| 2023-05-30 | $57.76 | $11.55 | $0.09 | 1.1193 |
| 2023-06-29 | $58.07 | $11.61 | $0.09 | 0.9871 |
| 2023-07-28 | $58.34 | $11.67 | $0.09 | 1.0661 |
| 2023-08-30 | $58.63 | $11.73 | $0.09 | 1.0431 |
| 2023-09-28 | $58.92 | $11.78 | $0.09 | 1.1276 |
| 2023-10-30 | $59.23 | $11.85 | $0.09 | 1.1414 |
| 2023-11-29 | $59.54 | $11.91 | $0.10 | 1.0702 |
| 2023-12-28 | $59.84 | $11.97 | $0.10 | 0.9746 |
| 2024-01-30 | $60.11 | $12.02 | $0.10 | 1.0679 |
| 2024-02-28 | $60.40 | $12.08 | $0.10 | 1.1648 |
| 2024-03-27 | $62.93 | $12.59 | $0.10 | 1.1911 |
| 2024-04-29 | $63.27 | $12.65 | $0.10 | 1.2308 |
| 2024-05-31 | $63.62 | $12.72 | $0.10 | 1.2377 |
| 2024-06-28 | $63.97 | $12.79 | $0.10 | 1.2167 |
| 2024-07-31 | $64.32 | $12.86 | $0.10 | 1.1412 |
| 2024-08-30 | $64.64 | $12.93 | $0.10 | 1.0872 |
| 2024-09-30 | $64.95 | $12.99 | $0.10 | 1.0575 |
| 2024-10-31 | $65.26 | $13.05 | $0.10 | 1.1483 |
| 2024-11-29 | $65.58 | $13.12 | $0.11 | 1.1541 |
| 2024-12-31 | $65.91 | $13.18 | $0.11 | 1.1884 |
| 2025-01-31 | $66.25 | $13.25 | $0.11 | 1.1474 |
| 2025-02-28 | $66.58 | $13.32 | $0.11 | 1.0016 |
| 2025-03-31 | $69.21 | $13.84 | $0.11 | 1.0503 |
| 2025-04-30 | $69.52 | $13.90 | $0.11 | 1.1215 |
| 2025-05-30 | $69.85 | $13.97 | $0.11 | 1.0014 |
| 2025-06-30 | $70.14 | $14.03 | $0.11 | 0.9613 |
| 2025-07-31 | $70.43 | $14.09 | $0.11 | 1.0216 |
| 2025-08-29 | $70.73 | $14.15 | $0.11 | 1.0409 |
| 2025-09-30 | $71.04 | $14.21 | $0.11 | 0.9777 |
| 2025-10-31 | $71.32 | $14.27 | $0.11 | 1.1617 |
| 2025-11-28 | $71.67 | $14.33 | $0.12 | 1.0947 |
| 2025-12-31 | $71.99 | $14.40 | $0.12 | 1.1519 |
| 2026-01-30 | $72.33 | $14.47 | $0.12 | 1.0647 |
| 2026-02-27 | $72.64 | $14.53 | $0.12 | 0.9763 |
| 2026-03-31 | $76.64 | $15.33 | $0.12 | 1.2248 |
| 2026-04-30 | $77.02 | $15.40 | $0.12 | 1.0955 |
| 2026-05-29 | $77.36 | $15.47 | $0.12 | 1.0826 |
| Total | $3611.23 | $722.25 | $5.78 | 61.2382 |
All calculations use split-adjusted closing prices. Dividends are reinvested on the ex-dividend date at that day's closing price.
For each rolling window, returns are calculated at every possible starting point:
return = (value[i] ÷ value[i − windowSize] − 1) × 100
- Windows
- 1-month = 21 trading days, 1-year = 252 trading days, 3-year = 756 trading days.
- Statistics
- Average: arithmetic mean. Median: middle value when sorted. Best / Worst: max and min. % Positive: share of windows with return > 0.
The series is segmented by calendar year:
return = (endValue ÷ startValue − 1) × 100
startValue is the last value of the prior year (or the first value for the initial year). Partial first/last years are flagged. Dividends, taxes, and transaction costs are scaled proportionally to the initial investment.